It is clear to everyone that astronomy at all events compels the soul to look upwards, and draws it from the things of this world to the other.

— Plato

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X-59’s Engine Started for Testing

NASA - Breaking News - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 2:36pm
NASA/Carla Thomas

NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft sits in its run stall at Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works facility in Palmdale, California, in this image from Oct. 30, 2024.

The engine-run tests, which began Oct. 30, allow the X-59 team to verify the aircraft’s systems are working together while powered by its own engine. In previous tests, the X-59 used external sources for power. The engine-run tests set the stage for the next phase of the experimental aircraft’s progress toward flight.

After the engine runs, the X-59 team will move to aluminum bird testing, where data will be fed to the aircraft under both normal and failure conditions. The team will then proceed with a series of taxi tests, where the aircraft will be put in motion on the ground. These tests will be followed by final preparations for first flight.

Image credit: NASA/Carla Thomas

Categories: NASA

US military test-launches unarmed nuclear missile on election night (video)

Space.com - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:59pm
The United States military test-launched an unarmed nuclear-capable intercontinental ballistic missile from Vandenberg Space Force Base on Nov. 5, 2024.
Categories: Astronomy

SpaceX launching 23 more Starlink satellites from Florida on Nov. 7

Space.com - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:30pm
SpaceX plans to launch another batch of its Starlink internet satellites on Thursday afternoon (Nov. 7) from Florida's Space Coast.
Categories: Astronomy

A Space Walking Robot Could Build a Giant Telescope in Space

Universe Today - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:28pm

The Hubble Space Telescope was carried to space inside the space shuttle Discovery and then released into low-Earth orbit. The James Webb Space Telescope was squeezed inside the nose cone of an Ariane 5 rocket and then launched. It deployed its mirror and shade on its way to its home at the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point.

However, the ISS was assembled in space with components launched at different times. Could it be a model for building future space telescopes and other space facilities?

The Universe has a lot of dark corners that need to be peered into. That’s why we’re driven to build more powerful telescopes, which means larger mirrors. However, it becomes increasingly difficult to launch them into space inside rocket nose cones. Since we don’t have space shuttles anymore, this leads us to a natural conclusion: assemble our space telescopes in space using powerful robots.

New research in the journal Acta Astronautica examines the viability of using walking robots to build space telescopes.

The research is “The new era of walking manipulators in space: Feasibility and operational assessment of assembling a 25 m Large Aperture Space Telescope in orbit.” The lead author is Manu Nair from the Lincoln Centre for Autonomous Systems in the UK.

“This research is timely given the constant clamour for high-resolution astronomy and Earth observation within the space community and serves as a baseline for future missions with telescopes of much larger aperture, missions requiring assembly of space stations, and solar-power generation satellites, to list a few,” the authors write.

While the Canadarm and the European Robotic Arm on the ISS have proven capable and effective, they have limitations. They’re remotely operated by astronauts and have only limited walking abilities.

Recognizing the need for more capable space telescopes, space stations, and other infrastructure, Nair and his co-authors are developing a concept for an improved walking robot. “To address the limitations of conventional walking manipulators, this paper presents a novel seven-degrees-of-freedom dexterous End-Over-End Walking Robot (E-Walker) for future In-Space Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM) missions,” they write.

An illustration of the E-walker. The robot has seven degrees of freedom, meaning it has seven independent motions. Image Credit: Mini Rai, University of Lincoln.

Robotics, Automation, and Autonomous Systems (RAAS) will play a big role in the future of space telescopes and other infrastructure. These systems require dexterity, a high degree of autonomy, redundancy, and modularity. A lot of work remains to create RAAS that can operate in the harsh environment of space. The E-Walker is a concept that aims to fulfill some of these requirements.

The authors point out how robots are being used in unique industrial settings here on Earth. The Joint European Torus is being decommissioned, and a Boston Dynamics Spot quadruped robot is being used to test its effectiveness. It moved around the JET autonomously during a 35-day trial, mapping the facility and taking sensor readings, all while avoiding obstacles and personnel.

The Boston Dynamics Spot robot spent 35 days working autonomously on the Joint European Torus. Here, Spot is inspecting wires and pipes at the facility at Culham, near Oxford (Image Credit: UKAEA)

Using Spot during an industrial shutdown shows the potential of autonomous robots. However, robots still have a long way to go before they can build a space telescope. The authors’ case study could be an important initial step.

Their case study is the hypothetical LAST, a Large Aperture Space Telescope with a wide-field, 25-meter primary mirror that operates in visible light. LAST is the backdrop for the researchers’ feasibility study.

LAST’s primary mirror would be modular, and its piece would have connector ports and interfaces for construction and for data, power, and thermal transfer. This type of modularity would make it easier for autonomous systems to assemble the telescope.

LAST would build its mirror using Primary Mirror Units (PMUs). Nineteen PMUs make up a Primary Mirror Segment (PMS), and 18 PMSs would constitute LAST’s 25-meter primary mirror. A total of 342 PMUs would be needed to complete the telescope.

This figure shows how LAST would be constructed. 342 Primary Mirror Units make up the 18 Primary Mirror Segments, adding up to a 25-meter primary mirror. (b) shows how the center of each PMU is found, and (c) shows a PMU and its connectors. Image Credit: Nair et al. 2024.

The E-Walker concept would also have two spacecraft: a Base Spacecraft (BSC) and a Storage Spacecraft (SSC). The BSC would act as a kind of mothership, sending required commands to the E-Walker, monitoring its operational state, and ensuring that things go smoothly. The SSC would hold all of the PMUs in a stacked arrangement, and the E-Walker would retrieve one at a time.

The researchers developed eleven different Concept of Operations (ConOps) for the LAST mission. Some of the ConOps included multiple E-walkers working cooperatively. The goals are to optimize task-sharing, prioritize ground-lifting mass, and simplify control and motion planning. “The above-mentioned eleven mission scenarios are studied further to choose the most feasible ConOps for the assembly of the 25m LAST,” they explain.

This figure summarizes the 11 mission ConOps developed for LAST. (a) shows assembly with a single E-walker, (b) shows partially shared responsibilities among the E-walkers, (c) shows equally shared responsibilities between E-walkers, and (d) shows assembly carried out in two separate units, which is the safer assembly option. Image Credit: Nair et al. 2024.

Advanced tools like robotics and AI will be mainstays in the future of space exploration. It’s almost impossible to imagine a future where they aren’t critical, especially as our goals become more complex. “The capability to assemble complex systems in orbit using one or more robots will be an absolute requirement for supporting a resilient future orbital ecosystem,” the authors write. “In the forthcoming decades, newer infrastructures in the Earth’s orbits, which are much more advanced than the International Space Station, are needed for in-orbit servicing, manufacturing, recycling, orbital warehouse, Space-based Solar Power (SBSP), and astronomical and Earth-observational stations.”

The authors point out that their work is based on some assumptions and theoretical models. The E-walker concept still needs a lot of work, but a prototype is being developed.

It’s likely that the E-walker or some similar system will eventually be used to build telescopes, space stations, and other infrastructure.

The post A Space Walking Robot Could Build a Giant Telescope in Space appeared first on Universe Today.

Categories: Astronomy

El X-59 enciende su motor por primera vez rumbo al despegue

NASA - Breaking News - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:08pm

4 min read

Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater) El silencioso avión supersónico experimental X-59 de la NASA se encuentra en un puesto de rodaje en las instalaciones Skunk Works de Lockheed Martin en Palmdale, California, arrancando su motor por primera vez. Estas pruebas de funcionamiento del motor comienzan a baja potencia y permiten al equipo del X-59 verificar que los sistemas de la aeronave funcionan juntos mientras está propulsada por su propio motor. El X-59 es la pieza central de la misión Quesst de la NASA, que pretende resolver uno de los principales obstáculos a los vuelos supersónicos sobre tierra haciendo que los estampidos sónicos sean más silenciosos.NASA/Carla Thomas

Read this story in English here.

La misión Quesst de la NASA ha alcanzado un hito importante con el inicio de las pruebas de motor que propulsará el silencioso avión supersónico experimental X-59.

Estas pruebas de arranque del motor, que comenzaron el 30 de octubre, permiten al equipo del X-59 verificar el funcionamiento conjunto de los sistemas de la aeronave propulsados con su propio motor. En pruebas anteriores, el X-59 utilizó fuentes de energía externas. Las pruebas de arranque del motor preparan el terreno para la siguiente fase de progreso hacia el vuelo de la aeronave experimental.

El equipo del X-59 está realizando las pruebas de arranque del motor por fases. En esta primera fase, el motor giró a una velocidad relativamente baja sin ignición para comprobar si hay fugas y asegurar que todos los sistemas se comunican correctamente. Seguidamente, el equipo llenó el avión de combustible y empezó a probar el motor a baja potencia, con el objetivo de verificar que este y otros sistemas de la aeronave funcionan sin anomalías ni fugas mientras el motor está encendido.

El piloto de pruebas de Lockheed Martin Dan Canin se sienta en la cabina del silencioso avión supersónico experimental X-59 de la NASA en un puesto de rodaje en las instalaciones Skunk Works de Lockheed Martin en Palmdale, California, antes de su primera prueba de motor. En estas pruebas, el X-59 funcionaba con su propio motor, mientras que en pruebas anteriores dependía de fuentes externas. El X-59 es la pieza central de la misión Quesst de la NASA, que intenta resolver uno de los principales obstáculos a los vuelos supersónicos sobre tierra haciendo que los estampidos sónicos sean más silenciosos.NASA/Carla Thomas

“La primera fase de las pruebas del motor fue en realidad un calentamiento para asegurarnos de que todo funcionaba bien antes de ponerlo en marcha”, dijo Jay Brandon, ingeniero jefe del X-59 de la NASA. “Luego pasamos al primer arranque real del motor. Eso sacó al motor del modo de conservación en el que había estado desde su instalación en la aeronave. Fue la primera revisión para ver que funcionaba correctamente y todos los sistemas que afectaban (hidráulicos, sistema eléctrico, sistemas de control ambiental, etc.) parecían funcionar”.

El X-59 generará un estampido más silencioso en vez de un estampido fuerte mientras vuela a una velocidad más rápida que la del sonido. El avión es la pieza central de la misión Quesst de la NASA, que recopilará datos sobre cómo percibe la gente estos estampidos, proporcionando información a los reguladores que podría ayudar a eliminar las prohibiciones existentes sobre vuelos supersónicos comerciales sobre tierra.

El motor, un F-18 Super Hornet F414-GE-100 modificado, contiene casi 10.000 kilogramos (22.000 libras) de energía propulsora, que permitirá que el X-59 alcance la velocidad de crucero deseada de Mach 1,4 (casi 1.500 kilómetros por hora, o 925 millas por hora) a una altitud de aproximadamente casi 17.000 metros (55.000 pies). Se sitúa en un lugar poco tradicional, encima de la aeronave, para contribuir a que el X-59 sea más silencioso.

Las pruebas del motor forman parte de una serie de ensayos necesarios para garantizar la seguridad del vuelo y para lograr el éxito de los objetivos de la misión. Debido a los retos que supone alcanzar esta fase crítica de las pruebas, el primer vuelo del X-59 se ha programado ahora para 2025. El equipo técnico seguirá avanzando en las pruebas críticas en tierra y abordará cualquier problema técnico que descubra con esta aeronave experimental única en su género. El equipo del X-59 tendrá una fecha más concreta del primer vuelo una vez que se completen estas pruebas con éxito.

Las pruebas se están llevando a cabo en las instalaciones Skunk Works de Lockheed Martin en Palmdale, California. Durante fases posteriores, el equipo probará la aeronave a alta potencia con cambios de aceleración rápidos, seguidos por una simulación de las condiciones de vuelo actual.

El silencioso avión supersónico experimental X-59 de la NASA se sitúa en un puesto de rodaje en las instalaciones Skunk Works de Lockheed Martin en Palmdale, California, antes de su primer arranque de motor. Las pruebas de motor forman parte de una serie de ensayos integrados en tierra necesarios para garantizar la seguridad del vuelo y la consecución de los objetivos de la misión. El X-59 es la pieza central de la misión Quesst de la NASA, que trata de resolver uno de los principales obstáculos a los vuelos supersónicos sobre tierra haciendo que los estampidos sónicos sean más silenciosos.NASA/Carla Thomas

“El éxito de estas carreras será el comienzo de la culminación de los últimos ocho años de mi carrera”, dijo Paul Dees, jefe adjunto de propulsión de la NASA del X-59. “Esto no es el final de la emoción, sino un pequeño peldaño hacia el principio. Es como la primera nota de una sinfonía, donde años de trabajo en equipo detrás del escenario se ponen ahora a prueba para comprobar que nuestros esfuerzos han sido eficaces, y las notas seguirán tocando una canción armoniosa hasta el vuelo”.

Después de poner en marcha el motor, el equipo del X-59 pasará a las pruebas de pájaro de hierro virtual (una estructura que se utiliza para probar los sistemas de una aeronave en un laboratorio, simulando un vuelo real), en las que se introducirán datos en al avión bajo condiciones normales y de fallo. A continuación, el equipo procederá a una serie de pruebas de rodaje, donde el avión se pondrá en movimiento en tierra. Estas pruebas se seguirán por las últimas preparaciones para el primer vuelo.

Articulo traducido por: Nicolas Cholula

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Categories: NASA

Go Centaur! Space Force stands up rocket stage at Los Angeles base

Space.com - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
A Centaur III propellant tank and its rocket engine stand on display at Los Angeles Air Force Base as a testament to its service to both the United States' military and civilian space missions.
Categories: Astronomy

How can I help a friend who is relentlessly negative about life?

New Scientist Space - Cosmology - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
From just listening to reframing the situation, there are a few ways you can help someone with a negative outlook, says advice columnist David Robson
Categories: Astronomy

How can I help a friend who is relentlessly negative about life?

New Scientist Space - Space Headlines - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
From just listening to reframing the situation, there are a few ways you can help someone with a negative outlook, says advice columnist David Robson
Categories: Astronomy

In satire Rumours, diplomatic communiques collide with the end times

New Scientist Space - Space Headlines - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
A stellar cast play leaders of G7 countries facing an existential crisis in Rumours, a smart film about communication, diplomatic nonsense and not coping, says Simon Ings
Categories: Astronomy

In satire Rumours, diplomatic communiques collide with the end times

New Scientist Space - Cosmology - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
A stellar cast play leaders of G7 countries facing an existential crisis in Rumours, a smart film about communication, diplomatic nonsense and not coping, says Simon Ings
Categories: Astronomy

See nature in close-up in these stunning photographs

New Scientist Space - Cosmology - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
Shortlisted for the Close-up Photographer of the Year contest, these images zoom in on animals in all their glory
Categories: Astronomy

Why do we burn more coal and wood than ever, asks a provocative book

New Scientist Space - Cosmology - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
In More and More and More, Jean-Baptiste Fressoz argues that tackling climate change means rethinking our history of energy consumption – and exposing the green transition as a fiction
Categories: Astronomy

See nature in close-up in these stunning photographs

New Scientist Space - Space Headlines - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
Shortlisted for the Close-up Photographer of the Year contest, these images zoom in on animals in all their glory
Categories: Astronomy

Why do we burn more coal and wood than ever, asks a provocative book

New Scientist Space - Space Headlines - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
In More and More and More, Jean-Baptiste Fressoz argues that tackling climate change means rethinking our history of energy consumption – and exposing the green transition as a fiction
Categories: Astronomy

Could seaweed be the ultimate carbon capture solution?

New Scientist Space - Cosmology - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
Our Future Chronicles column explores an imagined history of inventions and developments yet to come. In our latest glimpse into the near future, Rowan Hooper tells how seaweed was a game changer when it came to getting carbon out of the atmosphere in the 2030s
Categories: Astronomy

Could seaweed be the ultimate carbon capture solution?

New Scientist Space - Space Headlines - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
Our Future Chronicles column explores an imagined history of inventions and developments yet to come. In our latest glimpse into the near future, Rowan Hooper tells how seaweed was a game changer when it came to getting carbon out of the atmosphere in the 2030s
Categories: Astronomy

Conspiracy theorists are turning their attention back to HPV vaccines

New Scientist Space - Space Headlines - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
We are living in a vaccine-hesitant moment, with conspiracy theories thriving on social media. We need to push back, says Simon Williams
Categories: Astronomy

What is the price of genius, asks biography of Roger Penrose

New Scientist Space - Space Headlines - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
The Impossible Man by Patchen Barss salutes Roger Penrose's groundbreaking work in physics and mathematics while challenging the idea that a genius should be exempt from ordinary obligations
Categories: Astronomy

Conspiracy theorists are turning their attention back to HPV vaccines

New Scientist Space - Cosmology - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
We are living in a vaccine-hesitant moment, with conspiracy theories thriving on social media. We need to push back, says Simon Williams
Categories: Astronomy

What is the price of genius, asks biography of Roger Penrose

New Scientist Space - Cosmology - Wed, 11/06/2024 - 1:00pm
The Impossible Man by Patchen Barss salutes Roger Penrose's groundbreaking work in physics and mathematics while challenging the idea that a genius should be exempt from ordinary obligations
Categories: Astronomy