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SpaceX stacked its giant Starship rocket ahead of the vehicle's fourth test flight, which could launch just a few weeks from now.

Lithuania signed the Artemis Accords on Wednesday (May 15), bringing the number of nations in the moon-exploration pact to 40.

In season 1 premiere 'Space Babies', the Doctor tells Ruby and the cosmic infants that he's the last of the Time Lords. Here's what that means.

The thrusters of Mercury-bound spacecraft BepiColombo are operating at less than full capacity, and operators are racing to find a solution.

The four winners of the Stephen Hawking Medal 2024 were announced during a medal ceremony at Starmus VII science and music festival in Bratislava, Slovakia.

Strange quantum characteristics of molecules can weather the chaos of chemical reactions, which may benefit quantum technologies or unveil hidden natural phenomena

Strange quantum characteristics of molecules can weather the chaos of chemical reactions, which may benefit quantum technologies or unveil hidden natural phenomena

The tension between quantum mechanics and relativity has long been a central split in modern-day physics. Developing a theory of quantum gravity remains one of the great outstanding challenges of the discipline. And yet, no one has yet been able to do it. But as we collect more data, it shines more light on the potential solution, even if some of that data happens to show negative results.

That happened recently with a review of data collected at IceCube, a neutrino detector located in the Antarctic ice sheet, and compiled by researchers at the University of Texas at Arlington. They looked for signs that gravity could vary even a minuscule amount based on quantum mechanical fluctuations. And, to put it bluntly, they didn’t find any evidence of that happening.

To check for these minuscule fluctuations, they analyzed more than 300,000 detected neutrinos that IceCube had captured. IceCube is an impressive engineering feat, with thousands of sensors buried over one sq km in the ice. When one of the detectors is triggered by one of a hundred trillions of neutrinos passing through it every second, data on whether it was affected by any perturbations in the local gravity of that area can be collected.

Fraser discusses the neutrino detectors of IceCube.

Such massive data sets allowed for a very accurate reading—”over a million times more [accurate],” according to Dr. Benjamin Jones, one of over 300 physicists who worked on a paper detailing IceCube’s findings, which he described in a press release from the University of Texas at Arlington. Despite that, the researchers were still unable to find any evidence for those quantum fluctuations in the local gravitational field.

That’s not all bad news, though. Eliminating one possible explanation for quantum gravity could lead to work on others. Dr. Jones sees that prospect as he describes how his lab’s efforts are shifting to studying the mass of neutrinos themselves. Understanding more about these elusive particles certainly won’t hurt efforts to understand the overall physical model of the universe. Still, many scientists are likely disappointed by this newest failure to find a potential lead in the solution to a “theory of everything.”

For now, IceCube will keep collecting data, and scientists will continue to analyze it. But efforts to find a new theory of quantum gravity seem to be back at the theoretical drawing—which is a necessary step before they can be tested, no matter how fancy the detector itself is.

PBS Spacetime explains the idea behind quantum gravity.

Learn More:
UTA – UTA SCIENTISTS TEST FOR QUANTUM NATURE OF GRAVITY
IceCube Collaboration – Search for decoherence from quantum gravity with atmospheric neutrinos
UT – Scientists are Recommending IceCube Should be Eight Times Bigger
UT – IceCube Makes a Neutrino Map of the Milky Way

Lead Image:
IceCube Lab under the stars in the Antarctic.
Credit – IceCube/NSF

The post Scientists Test for Quantum Gravity appeared first on Universe Today.

The Indian Space Research Organization has released solar storm data from ground stations and spacecraft, including the Chandrayaan-2 lunar orbiter.

NASA’s Associate Administrator for the Science Mission Directorate Nicky Fox and ESA’s Director of Human and Robotic Exploration Daniel Neuenschwander sign an agreement on the Rosalind Franklin mission at ESA’s headquarters in Paris, France on May 16, 2024.Credits: ESA/Damien Dos Santos

NASA and ESA (European Space Agency) announced Thursday they signed an agreement to expand NASA’s work on the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover, an ESA-led mission launching in 2028 that will search for signs of ancient life on the Red Planet.

With this memorandum of understanding, the NASA Launch Services Program will procure a U.S. commercial launch provider for the Rosalind Franklin rover. The agency will also provide heater units and elements of the propulsion system needed to land on Mars. A new instrument on the rover will be the first drill to a depth of up to 6.5 feet (2 meters) deep below the surface to collect ice samples that have been protected from surface radiation and extreme temperatures.

“The Rosalind Franklin rover’s unique drilling capabilities and onboard samples laboratory have outstanding scientific value for humanity’s search for evidence of past life on Mars,” said Nicola Fox, associate administrator, Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “NASA supports the Rosalind Franklin mission to continue the strong partnership between the United States and Europe to explore the unknown in our solar system and beyond.”

Through an existing, separate partnership with the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the French space agency CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales), NASA is contributing key components to the Rosalind Franklin rover’s primary science instrument, the Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer, that will search for the building blocks of life in the soil samples.

NASA has a longstanding partnership with the Department of Energy to use radioisotope power sources on the agency’s space missions and will be partnering again with the Energy Department for the use of lightweight radioisotope heater units for the rover.  

The Rosalind Franklin rover mission complements the Mars Sample Return multi-mission campaign led by both agencies.

For more information on NASA’s research on Mars, visit:

https://science.nasa.gov/mars

-end-

Katherine Rohloff
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1600
katherine.a.rohloff@nasa.gov

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Details Last Updated May 16, 2024 LocationNASA Headquarters Related Terms

• Rosalind Franklin (Rover)
• ExoMars
• Humans in Space
• Missions

The first trailer for Max's "Dune: Prophecy" prequel spinoff has just arrived, revealing the origins of the franchise's mysterious Bene Gesserit sisterhood.

"For the girls or women in science — or in any profession or job — opportunities are more abundant than they were previously. Sometimes you need to take bold steps. Just a little push, and then you will get there." — Dr. Yihua (Eva) Zheng, Space Physics and Space Weather Scientist, Heliophysics Science Division, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

You can blank out certain types of background noise and focus on just one conversation using prototype noise-cancelling headphones

You can blank out certain types of background noise and focus on just one conversation using prototype noise-cancelling headphones

5 Min Read How NASA Tracked the Most Intense Solar Storm in Decades

NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory captured these images of the solar flare on May 14, 2024 — as seen in the bright flash on the right side. These images show a subset of extreme ultraviolet light that highlights the extremely hot material in flares and which is colorized in royal blue and gold. This flare shows ongoing activity from the same region active during the storm.

Credits:
NASA/SDO

May 2024 has already proven to be a particularly stormy month for our Sun. During the first full week of May, a barrage of large solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) launched clouds of charged particles and magnetic fields toward Earth, creating the strongest solar storm to reach Earth in two decades — and possibly one of the strongest displays of auroras on record in the past 500 years.

We’ll be studying this event for years. It will help us test the limits of our models and understanding of solar storms.

Teresa Nieves-Chinchilla

Acting Director of NASA’s Moon to Mars (M2M) Space Weather Analysis Office

“We’ll be studying this event for years,” said Teresa Nieves-Chinchilla, acting director of NASA’s Moon to Mars (M2M) Space Weather Analysis Office. “It will help us test the limits of our models and understanding of solar storms.”

From May 3 through May 9, 2024, NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory observed 82 notable solar flares. The flares came mainly from two active regions on the Sun called AR 13663 and AR 13664. This video highlights all flares classified at M5 or higher with nine categorized as X-class solar flares.
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

The first signs of the solar storm started late on May 7 with two strong solar flares. From May 7 – 11, multiple strong solar flares and at least seven CMEs stormed toward Earth. Eight of the flares in this period were the most powerful type, known as X-class, with the strongest peaking with a rating of X5.8. (Since then, the same solar region has released many more large flares, including an X8.7 flare — the most powerful flare seen this solar cycle — on May 14.)

On May 14, 2024, the Sun emitted a strong solar flare. This solar flare is the largest of Solar Cycle 25 and is classified as an X8.7 flare.
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

Traveling at speeds up to 3 million mph, the CMEs bunched up in waves that reached Earth starting May 10, creating a long-lasting geomagnetic storm that reached a rating of G5 — the highest level on the geomagnetic storm scale, and one that hasn’t been seen since 2003.

“The CMEs all arrived largely at once, and the conditions were just right to create a really historic storm,” said Elizabeth MacDonald, NASA heliophysics citizen science lead and a space scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

When the storm reached Earth, it created brilliant auroras seen around the globe. Auroras were even visible at unusually low latitudes, including the southern U.S. and northern India. The strongest auroras were seen the night of May 10, and they continued to illuminate night skies throughout the weekend. Thousands of reports submitted to the NASA-funded Aurorasaurus citizen science site are helping scientists study the event to learn more about auroras.

“Cameras — even standard cell phone cameras — are much more sensitive to the colors of the aurora than they were in the past,” MacDonald said. “By collecting photos from around the world, we have a huge opportunity to learn more about auroras through citizen science.”

A coronal aurora appeared over southwestern British Columbia on May 10, 2024. NASA/Mara Johnson-Groh

By one measure of geomagnetic storm strength, called the disturbance storm time index which dates back to 1957, this storm was similar to historic storms in 1958 and 2003. And with reports of auroras visible to as low as 26 degrees magnetic latitude, this recent storm may compete with some of the lowest-latitude aurora sightings on record over the past five centuries, though scientists are still assessing this ranking.

“It’s a little hard to gauge storms over time because our technology is always changing,” said Delores Knipp, a research professor in the Smead Aerospace Engineering Science Department and a senior research associate at the NCAR High Altitude Observatory, in Boulder, Colorado. “Aurora visibility is not the perfect measure, but it allows us to compare over centuries.”

MacDonald encourages people to continue submitting aurora reports to Aurorasaurus.org, noting that even non-sightings are valuable for helping scientists understand the extent of the event.

Leading up to the storm, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Space Weather Prediction Center, which is responsible for forecasting solar storm impacts, sent notifications to operators of power grids and commercial satellites to help them mitigate potential impacts.

Warnings helped many NASA missions brace for the storm, with some spacecraft preemptively powering down certain instruments or systems to avoid issues. NASA’s ICESat-2 — which studies polar ice sheets — entered safe mode, likely because of increased drag due to the storm.  

Looking Forward

Better data on how solar events influence Earth’s upper atmosphere is crucial to understanding space weather’s impact on satellites, crewed missions, and Earth- and space-based infrastructure. To date, only a few limited direct measurements exist in this region. But more are coming. Future missions, such as NASA’s Geospace Dynamics Constellation (GDC) and Dynamical Neutral Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (DYNAMIC), will be able to see and measure exactly how Earth’s atmosphere responds to the energy influxes that occur during solar storms like this one. Such measurements will also be valuable as NASA sends astronauts to the Moon with the Artemis missions and, later, to Mars.

NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) captured this image of an X5.8 solar flare peaking at 9:23 p.m. EDT on May 10, 2024. The image shows a subset of extreme ultraviolet light that highlights the extremely hot material in flares. NASA SDO

The solar region responsible for the recent stormy weather is now turning around the backside of the Sun, where its impacts can’t reach Earth. However, that doesn’t mean the storm is over. NASA’s Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO), currently located at about 12 degrees ahead of Earth in its orbit, will continue watching the active region an additional day after it is no longer visible from Earth.

“The active region is just starting to come into view of Mars,” said Jamie Favors, director for the NASA Space Weather Program at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “We’re already starting to capture some data at Mars, so this story only continues.”

By Mara Johnson-Groh
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.

Media Contact:
Sarah Frazier
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.

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Last Updated

May 16, 2024

Editor Abbey Interrante Location NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Related Terms

• Auroras
• Citizen Science
• Goddard Space Flight Center
• Heliophysics
• Heliophysics Division
• ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2)
• Ionosphere
• Mesosphere
• Science & Research
• Science Mission Directorate
• Skywatching
• Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)
• Solar Flares
• Solar Wind
• Space Weather
• STEREO (Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory)
• Sunspots
• The Sun
• The Sun & Solar Physics
• Thermosphere

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Next Gen STEM’s Teams Engaging Affiliated Museums and Informal Institutions (TEAM II) program is pleased to announce an upcoming FY2024 Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) that will expand the current program from a two-tier to a three-tier system by adding a mid-level funding tier. The NOFO is expected to be released in the third quarter of FY2024 (April-June). The new mid-level funding tier was created in response to feedback from the informal education community.

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A plan that would allow the U.S. Space Force to leverage the capabilities of commercial satellites in the event of a national defense emergency has received support from Congress.