Feed aggregator
SpaceX launches human remains, reentry capsules and more on Transporter 14 rideshare mission (video)
NASA’s Psyche Spacecraft, Exploring Solar System Origins, Is Back on Track after Thrusters Lost Power
This explorer spacecraft is heading to a rare asteroid with a naked metal core. It could hold clues to how Earth began
'Nothing short of spectacular': ESA's Biomass satellite releases 1st views of Earth from orbit (photos)
Former NASA astronaut Terry Virts announces campaign for Texas Senate seat
Mice with two fathers have their own offspring for the first time
Mice with two fathers have their own offspring for the first time
'Star Trek' actor William Shatner and astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson's space bromance takes off in new 'The Universe Is Absurd' show
Supermassive Black Hole Has More Material Than it Can Consume
Black holes can accumulate planets and stars' worth of material, but even they have their limits. Astronomers have discovered a supermassive black hole which has reached that limit. Excess material is now being ejected from the vicinity around the black hole at nearly a third the speed of light. Astronomers found that about 10 Earth masses of material were added to the black hole's vicinity in 5 weeks, creating a ring of matter and feeding the outflow jets.
The First Images from Vera Rubin are About to Drop
The Vera C. Rubin is a game changing observatory that we've been keeping our eyes on. When it goes online, it'll begin a 10 year survey of the southern sky, capturing the entire sky every few nights, eventually building up a history of 800 images of each spot. It'll generate 20 terabytes of data every day, collecting 60 petabytes of raw image data. And it's almost ready to begin operations. On June 23 at 15:00 UTC, operators are going to release the first images from the telescope live to the internet, and you'll be able to watch.
Vera Rubin Observatory has already found thousands of new asteroids
Vera Rubin Observatory has already found thousands of new asteroids
The Lego Marvel Team Spidey Web Spinner Headquarters, one of the best Lego Marvel sets available, is now at its lowest prices pre-Amazon Prime Day
NASA’s SLS Solid Rocket Boosters: What is DM-1?
Demonstration Motor-1 (DM-1) is the first full-scale ground test of the evolved five-segment solid rocket motor of NASA’s SLS (Space Launch System) rocket. The event will take place in Promontory, Utah, and will be used as an opportunity to test several upgrades made from the current solid rocket boosters. Each booster burns six tons of solid propellant every second and together generates almost eight million pounds of thrust.
News Media ContactJonathan Deal
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.
256-544-0034
jonathan.e.deal@nasa.gov
NASA’s SLS Solid Rocket Boosters: What is DM-1?
Demonstration Motor-1 (DM-1) is the first full-scale ground test of the evolved five-segment solid rocket motor of NASA’s SLS (Space Launch System) rocket. The event will take place in Promontory, Utah, and will be used as an opportunity to test several upgrades made from the current solid rocket boosters. Each booster burns six tons of solid propellant every second and together generates almost eight million pounds of thrust.
News Media ContactJonathan Deal
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.
256-544-0034
jonathan.e.deal@nasa.gov
The Rubin Observatory found 2,104 asteroids in just a few days. It could soon find millions more
AI and Data Centers Could Cut More Climate-Change-Causing Emissions Than They Create
Power-hungry AI and associated data centers could make the grid cleaner, eventually cutting more climate-change-causing emissions than they produce
Mission Accomplished! Artemis ROADS III National Challenge Competitors Celebrate their Achievements
5 min read
Mission Accomplished! Artemis ROADS III National Challenge Competitors Celebrate their AchievementsThe NASA Science Activation program’s Northwest Earth and Space Sciences Pathways (NESSP) team has successfully concluded the 2024–2025 Artemis ROADS III National Challenge, an educational competition that brought real NASA mission objectives to student teams (and reached more than 1,500 learners) across the country. From December 2024 through May 2025, over 300 teams of upper elementary, middle, and high school students from 22 states participated, applying STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) skills in exciting and creative ways.
Participants tackled eight Mission Objectives inspired by NASA’s Artemis missions, which aim to return humans to the Moon. Students explored challenges such as:
- Designing a water purification system for the Moon inspired by local water cycles
- Developing a Moon-based agricultural plan based on experimental results
- Programming a rover to autonomously navigate lunar tunnels
- Engineering and refining a human-rated water bottle rocket capable of safely returning a “chip-stronaut” to Earth
- Envisioning their future careers through creative projects like graphic novels or video interviews
- Exploring NASA’s Artemis program through a new Artemis-themed Lotería game
In-person hub events were hosted by Northern Arizona University, Central Washington University, and Montana State University, where teams from Washington, Montana, and Idaho gathered to present their work, collaborate with peers, and experience life on a college campus. Students also had the chance to connect virtually with NASA scientists and engineers through NESSP’s NASA Expert Talks series.
“Artemis ROADS III is NESSP’s eighth ROADS challenge, and I have to say, I think it’s the best one yet. It’s always inspiring to see so many students across the country engage in a truly meaningful STEM experience. I heard from several students and educators that participating in the challenge completely changed their perspective on science and engineering. I believe that’s because this program is designed to let students experience the joy of discovery and invention—driven by both teamwork and personal creativity—that real scientists and engineers love about their work. We also show students the broad range of STEM expertise NASA relies on to plan and carry out a mission like Artemis. Most importantly, it gives them a chance to feel like they are part of the NASA mission, which can be truly transformative.”
– Dr. Darci Snowden, Director, NESSP
NESSP proudly recognizes the following teams for completing all eight Mission Objectives and the Final Challenge:
- Space Pringles, 3rd-5th Grade, San Antonio, TX
- Space Axolotls, 3rd-5th Grade, Roberts, MT
- TEAM Wild, 6th-8th Grade, Eagle Mountain, UT
- Pessimistic Penguins, 6th-8th Grade, Eagle Mountain, UT
- Dwarf Planets, 6th-8th Grade, Eagle Mountain, UT
- Astronomical Rovers, 6th-8th Grade, Eagle Mountain, UT
- Cosmic Honeybuns, 6th-8th Grade, Eagle Mountain, UT
- Houston we have a Problem, 6th-8th Grade, Eagle Mountain, UT
- FBI Wanted List, 6th-8th Grade, Eagle Mountain, UT
- Lunar Legion, 6th-8th Grade, San Antonio, TX
- Artemis Tax-Free Space Stallions, 6th-8th Grade, Egg Harbor, NJ
- Aquila, 6th-8th Grade, Gooding, ID
- Space Warriors, 6th-8th Grade, Wapato, WA
- Team Cygnus, 6th-8th Grade, Red Lodge, MT
- Maple RocketMen, 6th-8th Grade, Northbrook, IL
- RGB Hawks, 6th-8th Grade, Sagle, ID
- The Blue Moon Bigfoots, 6th-8th Grade, Medford, OR
- W.E.P.Y.C.K., 6th-8th Grade, Roberts, MT
- Lunar Dawgz, 6th-8th Grade, Safford, AZ
- ROSEBUD ROCKETEERS, 6th-8th Grade, Rosebud, MT
- The Cosmic Titans, 6th-8th Grade, Thomson Falls, MT
- The Chunky Space Monkeys, 6th-8th Grade, Naches, WA
- ROSEBUD RED ANGUS, 9th-12th Grade, Rosebud, MT
- Bulky Bisons, 9th-12th Grade, Council Grove, KS
- The Falling Stars, 9th-12th Grade, Thomson Falls, MT
- The Roadkillers, 9th-12th Grade, Thomson Falls, MT
- The Goshawks, 9th-12th Grade, Thomson Falls, MT
- Sequim Cosmic Catalysts, 9th-12th Grade, Sequim, WA
- Spuddie Buddies, 9th-12th Grade, Moses Lake, WA
- Astrocoquí 2, 9th-12th Grade, Mayaguez, PR
- Big Sky Celestials, 9th-12th Grade, Billings, MT
- TRYOUTS, 9th-12th Grade, Columbus, MT
- Cosmonaughts, 9th-12th Grade, Columbus, MT
- TCCS 114, 9th-12th Grade, Tillamook, OR
- Marvin’s Mighty Martians, 9th-12th Grade, Simms, TX
You can see highlights of these teams’ work in the Virtual Recognition Ceremony video on the NESSP YouTube channel. The presentation also features the teams selected to travel to Kennedy Space Center in August of 2025, the ultimate prize for these future space explorers!
In addition to student engagement, the ROADS program provided professional development workshops and NGSS-aligned classroom resources to support K–12 educators. Teachers are invited to explore these materials and register for the next round of workshops, beginning in August 2025: https://nwessp.org/professional-development-registration.
For more information about NESSP, its programs, partners, and the ROADS National Challenge, visit www.nwessp.org or contact info@nwessp.org.
———–
NASA’s Northwest Earth and Space Science Pathways’ (NESSP) project is supported by NASA cooperative agreement award number 80NSSC22M0006 and is part of NASA’s Science Activation Portfolio. Learn more about how Science Activation connects NASA science experts, real content, and experiences with community leaders to do science in ways that activate minds and promote deeper understanding of our world and beyond: https://science.nasa.gov/learn/about-science-activation/
A water bottle rocket launches into the air carrying its precious chip-stronaut cargo. Share Details Last Updated Jun 23, 2025 Editor NASA Science Editorial Team Related Terms Explore More 3 min read NASA Scientists Find Ties Between Earth’s Oxygen and Magnetic Field
Article
5 days ago
3 min read NASA Interns Conduct Aerospace Research in Microgravity
Article
4 weeks ago
5 min read Percolating Clues: NASA Models New Way to Build Planetary Cores
Article
1 month ago
Keep Exploring Discover More Topics From NASA James Webb Space Telescope
Webb is the premier observatory of the next decade, serving thousands of astronomers worldwide. It studies every phase in the…
Perseverance Rover
This rover and its aerial sidekick were assigned to study the geology of Mars and seek signs of ancient microbial…
Parker Solar Probe
On a mission to “touch the Sun,” NASA’s Parker Solar Probe became the first spacecraft to fly through the corona…
Juno
NASA’s Juno spacecraft entered orbit around Jupiter in 2016, the first explorer to peer below the planet’s dense clouds to…
Mission Accomplished! Artemis ROADS III National Challenge Competitors Celebrate their Achievements
5 min read
Mission Accomplished! Artemis ROADS III National Challenge Competitors Celebrate their AchievementsThe NASA Science Activation program’s Northwest Earth and Space Sciences Pathways (NESSP) team has successfully concluded the 2024–2025 Artemis ROADS III National Challenge, an educational competition that brought real NASA mission objectives to student teams (and reached more than 1,500 learners) across the country. From December 2024 through May 2025, over 300 teams of upper elementary, middle, and high school students from 22 states participated, applying STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) skills in exciting and creative ways.
Participants tackled eight Mission Objectives inspired by NASA’s Artemis missions, which aim to return humans to the Moon. Students explored challenges such as:
- Designing a water purification system for the Moon inspired by local water cycles
- Developing a Moon-based agricultural plan based on experimental results
- Programming a rover to autonomously navigate lunar tunnels
- Engineering and refining a human-rated water bottle rocket capable of safely returning a “chip-stronaut” to Earth
- Envisioning their future careers through creative projects like graphic novels or video interviews
- Exploring NASA’s Artemis program through a new Artemis-themed Lotería game
In-person hub events were hosted by Northern Arizona University, Central Washington University, and Montana State University, where teams from Washington, Montana, and Idaho gathered to present their work, collaborate with peers, and experience life on a college campus. Students also had the chance to connect virtually with NASA scientists and engineers through NESSP’s NASA Expert Talks series.
“Artemis ROADS III is NESSP’s eighth ROADS challenge, and I have to say, I think it’s the best one yet. It’s always inspiring to see so many students across the country engage in a truly meaningful STEM experience. I heard from several students and educators that participating in the challenge completely changed their perspective on science and engineering. I believe that’s because this program is designed to let students experience the joy of discovery and invention—driven by both teamwork and personal creativity—that real scientists and engineers love about their work. We also show students the broad range of STEM expertise NASA relies on to plan and carry out a mission like Artemis. Most importantly, it gives them a chance to feel like they are part of the NASA mission, which can be truly transformative.”
– Dr. Darci Snowden, Director, NESSP
NESSP proudly recognizes the following teams for completing all eight Mission Objectives and the Final Challenge:
- Space Pringles, 3rd-5th Grade, San Antonio, TX
- Space Axolotls, 3rd-5th Grade, Roberts, MT
- TEAM Wild, 6th-8th Grade, Eagle Mountain, UT
- Pessimistic Penguins, 6th-8th Grade, Eagle Mountain, UT
- Dwarf Planets, 6th-8th Grade, Eagle Mountain, UT
- Astronomical Rovers, 6th-8th Grade, Eagle Mountain, UT
- Cosmic Honeybuns, 6th-8th Grade, Eagle Mountain, UT
- Houston we have a Problem, 6th-8th Grade, Eagle Mountain, UT
- FBI Wanted List, 6th-8th Grade, Eagle Mountain, UT
- Lunar Legion, 6th-8th Grade, San Antonio, TX
- Artemis Tax-Free Space Stallions, 6th-8th Grade, Egg Harbor, NJ
- Aquila, 6th-8th Grade, Gooding, ID
- Space Warriors, 6th-8th Grade, Wapato, WA
- Team Cygnus, 6th-8th Grade, Red Lodge, MT
- Maple RocketMen, 6th-8th Grade, Northbrook, IL
- RGB Hawks, 6th-8th Grade, Sagle, ID
- The Blue Moon Bigfoots, 6th-8th Grade, Medford, OR
- W.E.P.Y.C.K., 6th-8th Grade, Roberts, MT
- Lunar Dawgz, 6th-8th Grade, Safford, AZ
- ROSEBUD ROCKETEERS, 6th-8th Grade, Rosebud, MT
- The Cosmic Titans, 6th-8th Grade, Thomson Falls, MT
- The Chunky Space Monkeys, 6th-8th Grade, Naches, WA
- ROSEBUD RED ANGUS, 9th-12th Grade, Rosebud, MT
- Bulky Bisons, 9th-12th Grade, Council Grove, KS
- The Falling Stars, 9th-12th Grade, Thomson Falls, MT
- The Roadkillers, 9th-12th Grade, Thomson Falls, MT
- The Goshawks, 9th-12th Grade, Thomson Falls, MT
- Sequim Cosmic Catalysts, 9th-12th Grade, Sequim, WA
- Spuddie Buddies, 9th-12th Grade, Moses Lake, WA
- Astrocoquí 2, 9th-12th Grade, Mayaguez, PR
- Big Sky Celestials, 9th-12th Grade, Billings, MT
- TRYOUTS, 9th-12th Grade, Columbus, MT
- Cosmonaughts, 9th-12th Grade, Columbus, MT
- TCCS 114, 9th-12th Grade, Tillamook, OR
- Marvin’s Mighty Martians, 9th-12th Grade, Simms, TX
You can see highlights of these teams’ work in the Virtual Recognition Ceremony video on the NESSP YouTube channel. The presentation also features the teams selected to travel to Kennedy Space Center in August of 2025, the ultimate prize for these future space explorers!
In addition to student engagement, the ROADS program provided professional development workshops and NGSS-aligned classroom resources to support K–12 educators. Teachers are invited to explore these materials and register for the next round of workshops, beginning in August 2025: https://nwessp.org/professional-development-registration.
For more information about NESSP, its programs, partners, and the ROADS National Challenge, visit www.nwessp.org or contact info@nwessp.org.
———–
NASA’s Northwest Earth and Space Science Pathways’ (NESSP) project is supported by NASA cooperative agreement award number 80NSSC22M0006 and is part of NASA’s Science Activation Portfolio. Learn more about how Science Activation connects NASA science experts, real content, and experiences with community leaders to do science in ways that activate minds and promote deeper understanding of our world and beyond: https://science.nasa.gov/learn/about-science-activation/
A water bottle rocket launches into the air carrying its precious chip-stronaut cargo. Share Details Last Updated Jun 23, 2025 Editor NASA Science Editorial Team Related Terms Explore More 3 min read NASA Scientists Find Ties Between Earth’s Oxygen and Magnetic FieldArticle
5 days ago
3 min read NASA Interns Conduct Aerospace Research in Microgravity
Article
4 weeks ago
5 min read Percolating Clues: NASA Models New Way to Build Planetary Cores
Article
1 month ago
Keep Exploring Discover More Topics From NASA James Webb Space Telescope
Webb is the premier observatory of the next decade, serving thousands of astronomers worldwide. It studies every phase in the…
Perseverance Rover
This rover and its aerial sidekick were assigned to study the geology of Mars and seek signs of ancient microbial…
Parker Solar Probe
On a mission to “touch the Sun,” NASA’s Parker Solar Probe became the first spacecraft to fly through the corona…
Juno
NASA’s Juno spacecraft entered orbit around Jupiter in 2016, the first explorer to peer below the planet’s dense clouds to…
NASA’s Curiosity Mars Rover Starts Unpacking Boxwork Formations
5 min read
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater) Drag your mouse or move your phone to pan around within this 360-degree view to explore the boxwork patterns on Mars that NASA’s Curiosity is investigating for the first time. The rover captured the 291 images that make up this mosaic between May 15 and May 18.Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
The rover recently drilled a sample from a new region with features that could reveal whether Mars’ subsurface once provided an environment suitable for life.
New images from NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover show the first close-up views of a region scientists had previously observed only from orbit. The images and data being collected are already raising new questions about how the Martian surface was changing billions of years ago. The Red Planet once had rivers, lakes, and possibly an ocean. Although scientists aren’t sure why, its water eventually dried up and the planet transformed into the chilly desert it is today.
By the time Curiosity’s current location formed, the long-lived lakes were gone in Gale Crater, the rover’s landing area, but water was still percolating under the surface. The rover found dramatic evidence of that groundwater when it encountered crisscrossing low ridges, some just a few inches tall, arranged in what geologists call a boxwork pattern. The bedrock below these ridges likely formed when groundwater trickling through the rock left behind minerals that accumulated in those cracks and fissures, hardening and becoming cementlike. Eons of sandblasting by Martian wind wore away the rock but not the minerals, revealing networks of resistant ridges within.
The ridges Curiosity has seen so far look a bit like a crumbling curb. The boxwork patterns stretch across miles of a layer on Mount Sharp, a 3-mile-tall (5-kilometer-tall) mountain whose foothills the rover has been climbing since 2014. Intriguingly, boxwork patterns haven’t been spotted anywhere else on the mountain, either by Curiosity or orbiters passing overhead.
NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover viewed this low ridge, which looks a bit like a crumbling curb, on May 16. Scientists think the hardened edges of such ridges — part of the boxwork region the rover is exploring — may have been formed by ancient groundwater.NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
“A big mystery is why the ridges were hardened into these big patterns and why only here,” said Curiosity’s project scientist, Ashwin Vasavada of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. “As we drive on, we’ll be studying the ridges and mineral cements to make sure our idea of how they formed is on target.”
Important to the boxwork patterns’ history is the part of the mountain where they’re found. Mount Sharp consists of multiple layers, each of which formed during different eras of ancient Martian climate. Curiosity essentially “time travels” as it ascends from the oldest to youngest layers, searching for signs of water and environments that could have supported ancient microbial life.
The rover is currently exploring a layer with an abundance of salty minerals called magnesium sulfates, which form as water dries up. Their presence here suggests this layer emerged as the climate became drier. Remarkably, the boxwork patterns show that even in the midst of this drying, water was still present underground, creating changes seen today.
NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover captured this scene while looking out across a region filled with boxwork patterns, low ridges that scientists think could have been formed by groundwater billions of years ago.NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
Scientists hope to gain more insight into why the boxwork patterns formed here, and Mars recently provided some unexpected clues. The bedrock between the boxwork ridges has a different composition than other layers of Mount Sharp. It also has lots of tiny fractures filled with white veins of calcium sulfate, another salty mineral left behind as groundwater trickles through rock cracks. Similar veins were plentiful on lower layers of the mountain, including one enriched with clays, but had not been spotted in the sulfate layer until now.
“That’s really surprising,” said Curiosity’s deputy project scientist, Abigail Fraeman of JPL. “These calcium sulfate veins used to be everywhere, but they more or less disappeared as we climbed higher up Mount Sharp. The team is excited to figure out why they’ve returned now.”
New Terrain, New FindingsOn June 8, Curiosity set out to learn about the unique composition of the bedrock in this area, using the drill on the end of its robotic arm to snag a sample of a rock nicknamed “Altadena.” The rover then dropped the pulverized sample into instruments within its body for more detailed analysis.
Drilling additional samples from more distant boxwork patterns, where the mineral ridges are much larger, will help the mission make sense of what they find. The team will also search for organic molecules and other evidence of an ancient habitable environment preserved in the cemented ridges.
As Curiosity continues to explore, it will be leaving a new assortment of nicknames behind, as well. To keep track of features on the planet, the mission applies nicknames to each spot the rover studies, from hills it views with its cameras to specific calcium sulfate veins it zaps with its laser. (Official names, such as Aeolis Mons — otherwise known as Mount Sharp — are approved by the International Astronomical Union.)
The previous names were selected from local sites in Southern California, where JPL is based. The Altadena sample, for instance, bears the name of a community near JPL that was severely burned during January’s Eaton Canyon fire. Now on a new part of their Martian map, the team is selecting names from around Bolivia’s Salar de Uyuni, Earth’s largest salt flat. This exceptionally dry terrain crosses into Chile’s Atacama Desert, and astrobiologists study both the salt flat and the surrounding desert because of their similarity to Mars’ extreme dryness.
More About CuriosityCuriosity was built by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is managed by Caltech in Pasadena, California. JPL leads the mission on behalf of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington as part of NASA’s Mars Exploration Program portfolio.
For more about Curiosity, visit:
science.nasa.gov/mission/msl-curiosity
News Media ContactsAndrew Good
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-393-2433
andrew.c.good@jpl.nasa.gov
Karen Fox / Molly Wasser
NASA Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1600
karen.c.fox@nasa.gov / molly.l.wasser@nasa.gov
2025-080
Share Details Last Updated Jun 23, 2025 Related Terms Explore More 4 min read NASA Tech to Use Moonlight to Enhance Measurements from Space Article 4 days ago 2 min read NASA’s LRO Views ispace HAKUTO-R Mission 2 Moon Lander Impact Site Article 4 days ago 2 min read Explore Our Dynamic Sun!from NASA’s Heliophysics Education Activation Team (NASA HEAT) and the Astronomical Society of the Pacific/Night…
Article 1 week ago Keep Exploring Discover Related TopicsMissions
Humans in Space
Climate Change
Solar System
NASA’s Curiosity Mars Rover Starts Unpacking Boxwork Formations
5 min read
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater) Drag your mouse or move your phone to pan around within this 360-degree view to explore the boxwork patterns on Mars that NASA’s Curiosity is investigating for the first time. The rover captured the 291 images that make up this mosaic between May 15 and May 18.Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
The rover recently drilled a sample from a new region with features that could reveal whether Mars’ subsurface once provided an environment suitable for life.
New images from NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover show the first close-up views of a region scientists had previously observed only from orbit. The images and data being collected are already raising new questions about how the Martian surface was changing billions of years ago. The Red Planet once had rivers, lakes, and possibly an ocean. Although scientists aren’t sure why, its water eventually dried up and the planet transformed into the chilly desert it is today.
By the time Curiosity’s current location formed, the long-lived lakes were gone in Gale Crater, the rover’s landing area, but water was still percolating under the surface. The rover found dramatic evidence of that groundwater when it encountered crisscrossing low ridges, some just a few inches tall, arranged in what geologists call a boxwork pattern. The bedrock below these ridges likely formed when groundwater trickling through the rock left behind minerals that accumulated in those cracks and fissures, hardening and becoming cementlike. Eons of sandblasting by Martian wind wore away the rock but not the minerals, revealing networks of resistant ridges within.
The ridges Curiosity has seen so far look a bit like a crumbling curb. The boxwork patterns stretch across miles of a layer on Mount Sharp, a 3-mile-tall (5-kilometer-tall) mountain whose foothills the rover has been climbing since 2014. Intriguingly, boxwork patterns haven’t been spotted anywhere else on the mountain, either by Curiosity or orbiters passing overhead.
NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover viewed this low ridge, which looks a bit like a crumbling curb, on May 16. Scientists think the hardened edges of such ridges — part of the boxwork region the rover is exploring — may have been formed by ancient groundwater.NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS“A big mystery is why the ridges were hardened into these big patterns and why only here,” said Curiosity’s project scientist, Ashwin Vasavada of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. “As we drive on, we’ll be studying the ridges and mineral cements to make sure our idea of how they formed is on target.”
Important to the boxwork patterns’ history is the part of the mountain where they’re found. Mount Sharp consists of multiple layers, each of which formed during different eras of ancient Martian climate. Curiosity essentially “time travels” as it ascends from the oldest to youngest layers, searching for signs of water and environments that could have supported ancient microbial life.
The rover is currently exploring a layer with an abundance of salty minerals called magnesium sulfates, which form as water dries up. Their presence here suggests this layer emerged as the climate became drier. Remarkably, the boxwork patterns show that even in the midst of this drying, water was still present underground, creating changes seen today.
NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover captured this scene while looking out across a region filled with boxwork patterns, low ridges that scientists think could have been formed by groundwater billions of years ago.NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSSScientists hope to gain more insight into why the boxwork patterns formed here, and Mars recently provided some unexpected clues. The bedrock between the boxwork ridges has a different composition than other layers of Mount Sharp. It also has lots of tiny fractures filled with white veins of calcium sulfate, another salty mineral left behind as groundwater trickles through rock cracks. Similar veins were plentiful on lower layers of the mountain, including one enriched with clays, but had not been spotted in the sulfate layer until now.
“That’s really surprising,” said Curiosity’s deputy project scientist, Abigail Fraeman of JPL. “These calcium sulfate veins used to be everywhere, but they more or less disappeared as we climbed higher up Mount Sharp. The team is excited to figure out why they’ve returned now.”
New Terrain, New FindingsOn June 8, Curiosity set out to learn about the unique composition of the bedrock in this area, using the drill on the end of its robotic arm to snag a sample of a rock nicknamed “Altadena.” The rover then dropped the pulverized sample into instruments within its body for more detailed analysis.
Drilling additional samples from more distant boxwork patterns, where the mineral ridges are much larger, will help the mission make sense of what they find. The team will also search for organic molecules and other evidence of an ancient habitable environment preserved in the cemented ridges.
As Curiosity continues to explore, it will be leaving a new assortment of nicknames behind, as well. To keep track of features on the planet, the mission applies nicknames to each spot the rover studies, from hills it views with its cameras to specific calcium sulfate veins it zaps with its laser. (Official names, such as Aeolis Mons — otherwise known as Mount Sharp — are approved by the International Astronomical Union.)
The previous names were selected from local sites in Southern California, where JPL is based. The Altadena sample, for instance, bears the name of a community near JPL that was severely burned during January’s Eaton Canyon fire. Now on a new part of their Martian map, the team is selecting names from around Bolivia’s Salar de Uyuni, Earth’s largest salt flat. This exceptionally dry terrain crosses into Chile’s Atacama Desert, and astrobiologists study both the salt flat and the surrounding desert because of their similarity to Mars’ extreme dryness.
More About CuriosityCuriosity was built by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is managed by Caltech in Pasadena, California. JPL leads the mission on behalf of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington as part of NASA’s Mars Exploration Program portfolio.
For more about Curiosity, visit:
science.nasa.gov/mission/msl-curiosity
News Media ContactsAndrew Good
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-393-2433
andrew.c.good@jpl.nasa.gov
Karen Fox / Molly Wasser
NASA Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1600
karen.c.fox@nasa.gov / molly.l.wasser@nasa.gov
2025-080
Share Details Last Updated Jun 23, 2025 Related Terms Explore More 4 min read NASA Tech to Use Moonlight to Enhance Measurements from Space Article 5 days ago 2 min read NASA’s LRO Views ispace HAKUTO-R Mission 2 Moon Lander Impact Site Article 5 days ago 2 min read Explore Our Dynamic Sun!from NASA’s Heliophysics Education Activation Team (NASA HEAT) and the Astronomical Society of the Pacific/Night…
Article 1 week ago Keep Exploring Discover Related TopicsMissions
Humans in Space
Climate Change
Solar System